Oberseminar System- und Rechnerarchitektur (OSRA)

Inhalt

Im Rahmen des Oberseminars werden im Wechsel wissenschaftliche Grundlangen erarbeitet sowie die eigenen Projekte im Rahmen der Bachelorarbeit, Masterarbeit oder Dissertation präsentiert und diskutiert.

Das Oberseminar richtet sich vorrangig an studentische Arbeiter und Doktoranden am SRA. Eine Teilnahme für andere Mitglieder der Universität ist auf Nachfrage möglich.

Semesterplan

Leseliste zum Thema Betriebssystemkern-Paradigmen

Grundlagen – Mikrokerne

Mit MACH [1] begann das Mikrokernfieber, auch wenn die Idee des message-passing kernels schon auf Brinch Hansen's RC 4000 Betriebssystem [2] zurück geht. Problem war immer die IPC-Performance. Damit räumte erst L4 auf [3, 4], das durch ein hohes Maß an (hardwarezentrierter) Spezialisierung konkurrenzfähige Performancewerte erreichte [5].

Für den Beginn sei zunächst die Lekture von [1, 4, 3] (in dieser Reihenfolge) empfohlen:

1. MACH: A New Kernel Foundation for UNIX Development

   Mike Accetta, Robert Baron, David Golub, Richard Rashid, Avadis Tevanian, Michael YoungProceedings of the USENIX Summer ConferenceUSENIX Association1986.
   PDF [BibTex]

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   BibTex Entry

   @inproceedings{accetta:86:uxsummer,
   author = {Mike Accetta and Robert Baron and David Golub and Richard Rashid and Avadis Tevanian and Michael Young},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the USENIX Summer Conference},
   category = {os},
   month = {June},
   pages = {93–113},
   publisher = {USENIX Association},
   title = {{MACH: A New Kernel Foundation for UNIX Development}},
   year = {1986},
   }

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2. The Nucleus of a Multiprogramming System

   Peer Brinch HansenCommunications of the ACM13.4ACM Press1970.
   PDF [BibTex]

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   BibTex Entry

   @article{hansen:70:cacm,
   author = {Peer Brinch Hansen},
   category = {os},
   journaltitle = {Communications of the ACM},
   month = {April},
   number = {4},
   pages = {238–241/250},
   publisher = {ACM Press},
   title = {The Nucleus of a Multiprogramming System},
   volume = {13},
   year = {1970},
   }

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3. On $\mu$-Kernel Construction

   Jochen LiedtkeProceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '95)ACM Press1995.
   10.1145/224057.224075 [BibTex]

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   BibTex Entry

   @inproceedings{liedtke:95:sosp,
   author = {Jochen Liedtke},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '95)},
   category = {os},
   crossref = {sosp:95},
   date = {1995-12},
   doi = {10.1145/224057.224075},
   isbn = {0-89791-715-4},
   nc = {3},
   publisher = {ACM Press},
   series = {SOSP'95},
   title = {On $\\mu$-Kernel Construction},
   venue = {Copper Mountain, CO, USA},
   }

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4. Toward Real Microkernels

   Jochen LiedtkeCommunications of the ACM39.9ACM Press1996.
   10.1145/234215.234473 [BibTex]

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   BibTex Entry

   @article{liedtke:96:cacm,
   location = {New York, NY, USA},
   author = {Jochen Liedtke},
   doi = {10.1145/234215.234473},
   journaltitle = {Communications of the ACM},
   month = {September},
   number = {9},
   pages = {70–77},
   publisher = {ACM Press},
   title = {Toward Real Microkernels},
   volume = {39},
   year = {1996},
   }

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5. The Performance of $\mu$-Kernel-Based Systems

   Hermann Härtig, Michael Hohmuth, Jochen Liedtke, Sebastian Schönberg, Jean WolterProceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '97)ACM Press1997.
   10.1145/269005.266660 [BibTex]

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   BibTex Entry

   @inproceedings{haertig:97:sosp,
   location = {New York, NY, USA},
   author = {Hermann H{ä}rtig and Michael Hohmuth and Jochen Liedtke and Sebastian Schönberg and Jean Wolter},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '97)},
   category = {os},
   doi = {10.1145/269005.266660},
   month = {October},
   publisher = {ACM Press},
   title = {The Performance of $\\mu$-Kernel-Based Systems},
   year = {1997},
   }

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Grundlagen – exokern

Der exokern [11] begründet die Philosophie des Verlagerns von Betriebssystemfunktionalität in die Anwendung (bzw. Bibliotheken, die mit der Anwendung gelinkt werden) – und damit der anwendungsgewahren Spezialiserung.

Die Lekture von [11] ist schlicht ein "Muss":

11. Exokernel: An Operating System Architecture for Application-Level Resource Management

    Dawson R. Engler, M. Frans Kaashoek, James O'TooleProceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '95)ACM Press1995.
    10.1145/224057.224076 [BibTex]

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    BibTex Entry

    @inproceedings{engler:95:sosp,
    author = {Dawson R. Engler and M. Frans Kaashoek and James O'Toole},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '95)},
    category = {os},
    crossref = {sosp:95},
    date = {1995-12},
    doi = {10.1145/224057.224076},
    isbn = {0-89791-715-4},
    nc = {64},
    pages = {251–266},
    publisher = {ACM Press},
    series = {SOSP'95},
    title = {Exokernel: An Operating System Architecture for Application-Level Resource Management},
    venue = {Copper Mountain, CO, USA},
    }

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Neuere Ansätze – Die Multicore Challenge

Neue Ideen scheinen in der Betriebssystemwelt in Wellen zu kommen. Nachdem lange kaum noch neue Ansätze zum Kerneldesign vorgestellt wurden, kamen 15 Jahre später mehrere Ideen zum Umgang mit massiver Parallelität im Betriebssystemkern und der Verfügbarkeit einer großen Anzahl von CPUs "auf den Markt". Corey [21] stellt dabei in bester exokern-Tradition das Sharing von (Betriebssystem-)datenstrukturen unter die Kontrolle der Anwendung, so dass diese (in der Regel) nur von einem CPU-Kern bearbeitet werden. Barrelfish [22] verhindert hingegen implizites Sharing vollständig, indem BS-Dienste exklusiv auf einzelne CPU-Kerne verteilt werden und – in bester Mikrokern-Tradition – nur über Nachrichten kommuniziert wird. Einen ähnlichen Weg beschreitet auch fos [24], wobei hier der Paradigmenwechsel von time sharing zu space sharing am deutlichsten wird. Arrakis ist ein fork [25] von Barrelfish, der Anwendungen den direkteren Zugang auf die Hardware gewährleistet – wodurch die Grenze zwischen Mikrokern und exokern weiter verschwimmt. TxOS [23] ist hingegen ein Ansatz für den klassischen Monolithen (Linux), indem syscalls als Transaktionen ausgelegt werden.

Empfohlene Lesereihenfolge [21, 22, 25, 24, 23]:

21. Corey: An Operating System for Many Cores

    Silas Boyd-Wickizer, Haibo Chen, Rong Chen, Yandong Mao, Frans Kaashoek, Robert Morris, Aleksey Pesterev, Lex Stein, Ming Wu, Yuehua Dai, Yang Zhang, Zheng Zhang8th Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation (OSDI '08)USENIX Association2008.
    PDF [BibTex]

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    BibTex Entry

    @inproceedings{boyd-wickizer:08:osdi,
    location = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
    author = {Boyd-Wickizer, Silas and Chen, Haibo and Chen, Rong and Mao, Yandong and Kaashoek, Frans and Morris, Robert and Pesterev, Aleksey and Stein, Lex and Wu, Ming and Dai, Yuehua and Zhang, Yang and Zhang, Zheng},
    booktitle = {8th Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation (OSDI '08)},
    numpages = {15},
    pages = {43–57},
    publisher = {USENIX Association},
    title = {Corey: An Operating System for Many Cores},
    venue = {San Diego, CA, USA},
    year = {2008},
    }

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22. The multikernel: a new OS architecture for scalable multicore systems

    Andrew Baumann, Paul Barham, Pierre-Evariste Dagand, Tim Harris, Rebecca Isaacs, Simon Peter, Timothy Roscoe, Adrian Schüpbach, Akhilesh SinghaniaProceedings of the 22nd ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '09)ACM Press2009.
    10.1145/1629575.1629579 [BibTex]

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    BibTex Entry

    @inproceedings{baumann:09:sosp,
    author = {Baumann, Andrew and Barham, Paul and Dagand, Pierre-Evariste and Harris, Tim and Isaacs, Rebecca and Peter, Simon and Roscoe, Timothy and Sch{ü}pbach, Adrian and Singhania, Akhilesh},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '09)},
    crossref = {sosp:09},
    date = {2009},
    doi = {10.1145/1629575.1629579},
    isbn = {978-1-60558-752-3},
    keywords = {message passing, multicore processors, scalability},
    numpages = {16},
    pages = {29–44},
    publisher = {ACM Press},
    series = {SOSP '09},
    title = {The multikernel: a new {OS} architecture for scalable multicore systems},
    venue = {Big Sky, Montana, USA},
    }

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23. Operating System Transactions

    Donald E. Porter, Owen S. Hofmann, Christopher J. Rossbach, Alexander Benn, Emmett WitchelProceedings of the 22nd ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '09)ACM Press2009.
    10.1145/1629575.1629591 [BibTex]

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    BibTex Entry

    @inproceedings{porter:09:sosp,
    author = {Porter, Donald E. and Hofmann, Owen S. and Rossbach, Christopher J. and Benn, Alexander and Witchel, Emmett},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '09)},
    crossref = {sosp:09},
    date = {2009},
    doi = {10.1145/1629575.1629591},
    isbn = {978-1-60558-752-3},
    keywords = {operating systems, race conditions, transactional memory, transactions, txos},
    numpages = {16},
    pages = {161–176},
    publisher = {ACM Press},
    series = {SOSP '09},
    title = {Operating System Transactions},
    venue = {Big Sky, Montana, USA},
    }

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24. Factored operating systems (fos): the case for a scalable operating system for multicores

    David Wentzlaff, Anant AgarwalACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review43.2ACM Press2009.
    10.1145/1531793.1531805 [BibTex]

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    BibTex Entry

    @article{wentzlaff:09:acmosr,
    location = {New York, NY, USA},
    author = {Wentzlaff, David and Agarwal, Anant},
    doi = {10.1145/1531793.1531805},
    issn = {0163-5980},
    issue = {2},
    journaltitle = {ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review},
    keywords = {factored operating system, multicore operating systems},
    month = {April},
    numpages = {10},
    pages = {76–85},
    publisher = {ACM Press},
    title = {Factored operating systems (fos): the case for a scalable operating system for multicores},
    volume = {43},
    year = {2009},
    }

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25. Arrakis: The Operating System is the Control Plane

    Simon Peter, Jialin Li, Irene Zhang, Dan R. K. Ports, Doug Woos, Arvind Krishnamurthy, Thomas Anderson, Timothy RoscoeProceedings of the 11th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI' 14)USENIX Association2014.
    PDF [BibTex]

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    BibTex Entry

    @inproceedings{peter:14:osdi,
    location = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
    author = {Peter, Simon and Li, Jialin and Zhang, Irene and Ports, Dan R. K. and Woos, Doug and Krishnamurthy, Arvind and Anderson, Thomas and Roscoe, Timothy},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI' 14)},
    isbn = {078-1-931971-16-4},
    month = {October},
    numpages = {16},
    pages = {1–16},
    publisher = {USENIX Association},
    title = {Arrakis: The Operating System is the Control Plane},
    venue = {Broomfield, CO, USA},
    year = {2014},
    }

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