Synthesis of Optimized AUTOSAR Embedded Systems: Automated System-Call Specialization and Lock Elision on Multicore Applications as a Whole-System Approach

• Typ der Arbeit: Masterarbeit
• Status der Arbeit: abgeschlossen
• Projekte: AHA
• Betreuer: Gerion Entrup, Daniel Lohmann
• Bearbeiter: Andreas Kässens
• Ende der Arbeit: 14. Jun 2023
• Ausarbeitung: [PDF]

Embedded real-time systems in safety-critical areas, such as in the automotive and aerospace industries, have particularly high software requirements regarding safety and reliability. In the automotive sector, the operating system standard AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture (AUTOSAR) has been established as a common basis among manufacturers and suppliers to meet these criteria. With priority-based real-time scheduling and static configuration, AUTOSAR-compliant operating systems are well suited for deployment in real-time systems. However, there is an aim to further optimize these software systems to improve their non-functional characteristics, including dependability, memory consumption, and runtime delays. In this thesis, I present the development of the Multicore AUTOSAR Compatible Application-specific Whole-system-optimizer (MACAW) system generator that supports the key interfaces of the AUTOSAR operating system specification. Using the Automated Real-time system Analyzer (ARA) framework, previous work developed the MultiSSE, a static code analysis to obtain a graph enumerating and connecting all possible system states. By automatically detecting certain interaction patterns between operating system objects in this graph, the performance of operating system calls can be optimized. Costly actions such as Inter-Processor Interrupts (IPIs) or spinlock operations can be eliminated if they do not affect subsequent system states. Spinlock operations that are never executed by two processor cores simultaneously can be omitted without affecting functionality, and IPIs that do not affect scheduling on the target core can be skipped. MACAW is implemented as the synthesis step within the ARA framework for real-time applications and currently supports the POSIX platform. At compile time, the detected optimizations will be automatically applied to a specialized system call variant for each call site. Evaluation of available test applications shows that about 28 % of the affected cross-core system calls can be optimized. In particular, the avoidance of IPIs leads to a measurable reduction in delays and jitter.

Topics covered by this thesis:
low level programming, C, C++, Python

Further Reading

AUTOSAR specification

RTAS Conference A
MultiSSE: Static Syscall Elision and Specialization for Event-Triggered Multi-Core RTOS

Gerion Entrup, Björn Fiedler, Daniel LohmannProceedings of the 29th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS'23)2023.
PDF Details Slides [BibTex]

×

BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{entrup:23:rtas,
author = {Gerion Entrup and Björn Fiedler and Daniel Lohmann},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS'23)},
entrysubtype = {Conference},
month = {May},
title = {{MultiSSE}: Static Syscall Elision and Specialization for Event-Triggered Multi-Core {RTOS}},
year = {2023},
}

Close

OSPERT Workshop B
ARA: Automatic Instance-Level Analysis in Real-Time Systems

Gerion Entrup, Benedikt Steinmeier, Christian DietrichProceedings of the 15th Annual Workshop on Operating Systems Platforms for Embedded Real-Time Applications (OSPERT '19)2019.
PDF [BibTex]

×

BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{entrup:19:ospert,
author = {Gerion Entrup and Benedikt Steinmeier and Christian Dietrich},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th Annual Workshop on Operating Systems Platforms for Embedded Real-Time Applications (OSPERT '19)},
entrysubtype = {Workshop},
month = {July},
title = {ARA: Automatic Instance-Level Analysis in Real-Time Systems},
venue = {Stuttgart, Germany},
year = {2019},
}

Close

OSPERT Workshop B Best Paper Award
Levels of Specialization in Real-Time Operating Systems

Björn Fiedler, Gerion Entrup, Christian Dietrich, Daniel LohmannProceedings of the 14th Annual Workshop on Operating Systems Platforms for Embedded Real-Time Applications (OSPERT '18)2018Best Paper Award.
PDF [BibTex]

×

BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{fiedler:18:ospert,
author = {Björn Fiedler and Gerion Entrup and Christian Dietrich and Daniel Lohmann},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th Annual Workshop on Operating Systems Platforms for Embedded Real-Time Applications (OSPERT '18)},
entrysubtype = {Workshop},
month = {July},
title = {Levels of Specialization in Real-Time Operating Systems},
venue = {Barcelona, Spain},
year = {2018},
}

Close

LCTES Conference A
Cross-Kernel Control-Flow-Graph Analysis for Event-Driven Real-Time Systems

Christian Dietrich, Martin Hoffmann, Daniel LohmannProceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES '15)ACM Press2015.
PDF Raw Data 10.1145/2670529.2754963 [BibTex]

×

BibTex Entry

@inproceedings{dietrich:15:lctes,
location = {New York, NY, USA},
ar = {25\% (14/56)},
author = {Christian Dietrich and Martin Hoffmann and Daniel Lohmann},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES '15)},
category = {os-embedded, L4},
doi = {10.1145/2670529.2754963},
entrysubtype = {Conference},
isbn = {978-1-4503-3257-6},
keywords = {Static Analysis; Control-Flow Graph; Cross-Kernel Analysis; Real-Time Systems; Optimization; Compiler},
month = {June},
publisher = {ACM Press},
title = {Cross-Kernel Control-Flow-Graph Analysis for Event-Driven Real-Time Systems},
venue = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
year = {2015},
}

Close